TYPE OF ENGINEERING

TYPE OF ENGINEERING

DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING
The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property.

HISTORY OF ENGINEERING

Relief map of the Citadel of Lille, designed in 1668 by Vauban, the foremost military engineer of his age.

Engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the wedge, lever, wheel, and pulley. Each of these inventions is essentially consistent with the modern definition of engineering.

The term engineering is derived from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1390, when an engine'er (literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to "a constructor of military engines." In this context, now obsolete, an "engine" referred to a military machine, i.e., a mechanical contraption used in war (for example, a catapult). Notable examples of the obsolete usage which have survived to the present day are military engineering corps, e.g., the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

The word "engine" itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium (c. 1250), meaning "innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention."

Later, as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings matured as a technical discipline, the term civil engineering^] entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering.

PRACTICE OF ENGINEERING

One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Ingenieur, European Engineer, or Designated Engineering Representative. In the UK many trades are called "Engineer" including gas, telephone, photocopy, maintenance, plumber-heating, drainage, sanitary, auto mechanic, TV, Refrigerator, electrician, washing machine, TV antenna installer (satellite) and many others.

TYPES

1. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2. CIVIL ENGINEERING
3. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
4. MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
5. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
6. COMPUTER ENGINEERING
7. AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
8. ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
9. PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
10. GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
11. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
12. MARINE ENGINEERING
13. PHOTONICS ENGINEERING
14. NANOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
15. MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
16. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
17. MATERIALS SCIENCE ENGINEERING
18. ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT